Problems of Sustainable Development of Russian Fishing Industry in the Concept of Rational Nature Management of Arctic Resources

In recent years, special attention has been paid to the issues of rational nature management and ecological state of the natural environment of the Arctic zone, given the important economic, social and environmental role of this region. The active industrial development of the Arctic zone unambiguously leads to a change in the living conditions of marine biological resources. The Arctic plays an important role in Russian fisheries. The paper considers the conceptual provisions of rational nature management in the conditions of industrial development of the Russian Arctic and identifies the problems and conditions for sustainable development of the Russian fisheries

Effect of Heterogeneous Deacetylation on the Properties of Northern Shrimp Chitin and Chitosan

The effect of alkaline treatment of shrimp chitin on the molecular weight, the degree of deacetylation and degree of crystallinity of the resulting chitosan is studied. The viscosity of chitosan solutions from repeatedly deacetylated chitin is studied. It is shown that repeated treatment of chitin/chitosan with alkali causes the destruction of polysaccharide macromolecules. After four-time deacetylation and one-time deacetylation of chitin/chitosan for four hours, the molecular weight of the polysaccharide decreases by ten times. The maximum degree of chitosan deacetylation under experimental conditions was 92.0 -92.5%. The diffractograms of chitin and chitosan from the Northern shrimp are of the form typical for samples containing an amorphous phase in addition to a crystalline phase. The degree of crystallinity of chitin from Northern shrimp was 40.8%, of chitosan samples after one-, two-, and three-time deacetylation was 62-65%. For a sample of chitosan obtained after four-time deacetylation, recrystallization, and drying in a freeze dryer, the degree of crystallinity is close to the degree of crystallinity of shrimp chitin. The investigated acetic acid chitosan solutions with a concentration of 5% (wt.) and the chitosan molecular weight of 250, 160 and 130 kDa in their rheological properties are liquid-like non-Newtonian systems, their viscosity decreasing with increasing shear stress. After four-time deacetylation of chitin, the viscosity of chitosan solutions practically does not change with increasing shear stress, which apparently can be due to a significant decrease in the molecular weight of chitosan under these conditions

Potencial turístico e recreativo das zonas de estepe da costa de Azov na região de Krasnodar (Rússia)

This study explores the tourism and recreational potential of Russia's Azov coast in the Krasnodar region. The research aims to comprehensively describe the area's natural recreational resources, identify limiting factors, and evaluate prospects for tourism and recreation. Multiple sources, including government reports, academic publications, and tourism industry reports, were reviewed to collect data on the region's history, environment, and socio-economic aspects. The Azov coast boasts sandy and shell beaches, spits, peninsulas, estuaries, mineral waters, and a favorable climate. These resources offer various recreational possibilities. Nevertheless, limiting factors include seasonality, underdeveloped infrastructure, political and epidemiological challenges, insufficient attention to the region's heritage, and high recreational demand. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of the Azov coast's diverse natural resources for year-round tourism development. It emphasizes the need to address factors like shore protection, infrastructure development, and heritage promotion for sustainable tourism growth. These efforts can enhance the region's economic stability and reduce its reliance on the Black Sea area.Este estudio explora el potencial turístico y recreativo de la costa rusa de Azov en la región de Krasnodar. La investigación tiene como objetivo describir de manera integral los recursos recreativos naturales del área, identificar factores limitantes y evaluar las perspectivas para el turismo y la recreación. Se revisaron múltiples fuentes, incluidos informes gubernamentales, publicaciones académicas e informes de la industria turística, para recopilar datos sobre la historia, el medio ambiente y los aspectos socioeconómicos de la región. La costa de Azov cuenta con playas de arena y conchas, asadores, penínsulas, estuarios, aguas minerales y un clima favorable. Estos recursos ofrecen diversas posibilidades recreativas. Sin embargo, los factores limitantes incluyen la estacionalidad, la infraestructura subdesarrollada, los desafíos políticos y epidemiológicos, la atención insuficiente al patrimonio de la región y la alta demanda recreativa. En conclusión, este estudio subraya la importancia de los diversos recursos naturales de la costa de Azov para el desarrollo turístico durante todo el año. Enfatiza la necesidad de abordar factores como la protección de la costa, el desarrollo de infraestructura y la promoción del patrimonio para el crecimiento del turismo sostenible. Estos esfuerzos pueden mejorar la estabilidad económica de la región y reducir su dependencia de la zona del Mar Negro.Este estudo explora o potencial turístico e recreativo da costa russa de Azov, na região de Krasnodar. A pesquisa visa descrever de forma abrangente os recursos recreativos naturais da área, identificar fatores limitantes e avaliar as perspectivas de turismo e recreação. Múltiplas fontes, incluindo relatórios governamentais, publicações académicas e relatórios da indústria do turismo, foram analisadas para recolher dados sobre a história, o ambiente e os aspectos socioeconómicos da região. A costa de Azov possui praias de areia e conchas, espetos, penínsulas, estuários, águas minerais e um clima favorável. Esses recursos oferecem diversas possibilidades recreativas. No entanto, os fatores limitantes incluem a sazonalidade, infraestrutura pouco desenvolvida, desafios políticos e epidemiológicos, atenção insuficiente ao patrimônio da região e elevada procura recreativa. Em conclusão, este estudo sublinha a importância dos diversos recursos naturais da costa de Azov para o desenvolvimento do turismo durante todo o ano. Enfatiza a necessidade de abordar fatores como a proteção da costa, o desenvolvimento de infraestruturas e a promoção do patrimônio para o crescimento sustentável do turismo. Estes esforços podem reforçar a estabilidade econômica da região e reduzir a sua dependência da região do Mar Negro

The Socio-Economic Analysis of Strategic Planning on the Development of Public-Private Partnership: the Experience of Russian Regions

The subject of the article is the item of what is the interrelation between such management frameworks as strategic planning and public-private partnership (PPP). Development of PPP seems relevant especially for particular regions of the country as such a concept allows the salvation of important socio-economic issues of territory and economizing budget resources at the same time. Aside from that, PPP might serve as a tool for stable region development. However, this requires carrying out a purposeful policy on developing public-private partnerships, which is going to be worked on and reflected in regional strategic plans. Within the framework of this deed based on specific Russian region experience, the research is taking place, how exactly perspectives of development and usage of PPP are reflected in strategy documents, and how this is being reflected on the development level of this economical concept. The basis of the study includes such methods as, compilation analysis of regional regulatory legal acts, score-based document-benchmarking study, and integral estimation of PPP development level in Russian Federation regions. The study results allowed estimation of Russian Federation regions experience, to highlight some issues obstructing PPP development, and to suppose a group of recommendations, and using them practically will allow for more accurate and complete securing perspectives of PPP development in regional strategic plans. Moreover, this in turn, will allow making PPP a more effective tool not for investments attraction only, but also for achieving stable development

DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY: EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIAN REGIONS

Goal: The study aims to assess the level of development of the information society in the regions of Russia. The use of digital technology is gaining relevance in many areas and dramatically simplifies the life of a modern person. This has become the basis for the formation of the information society, in which information and digital technology contribute to the emergence of qualitatively novel socio-economic conditions of life. The study of the information society is carried out mainly with regard to each state, while the study of its formation and development in individual regions of the country remains less researched. In this connection, the present study attempts to examine the dynamics of the development of the information society in various regions of Russia. Methods: The study is based on the mathematical method of calculating normalized indicators, the calculation of integral scores, the ranking and comparative analysis of data, and the method of classification. The information society in the selected regions of Russia is examined in terms of the dynamics of change, the status of its individual aspects, and the overall level of development achieved. Results: The results of the assessment and comparative analysis lead to the following conclusions. The development of the information society in each region of Russia has its own specifics. It is extremely difficult to identify common universal trends or patterns of its development in different constituent entities of Russia. Conclusion: In this context, of particular relevance is the development of a regional, rather than national, digitalization policy. The main directions for a regional policy should be determined in accordance with the peculiarities of the dynamics of information society development in the specific socio-cultural and economic environment of the region. Furthermore, it is crucial to consider the key issues and overall state of the region's information society achieved to date compared to other territories

Relationships between Educational Participants in the Context of Problem Modeling

At present, the goal of education is not only to release a specialist who has received a high-level theoretical and practical training, but also to introduce him at the training stage to the development of new technologies, adapt them to the conditions of a particular production environment, make him a conductor of new technological solutions, therefore the educational process should develop under the conditions of a model-based approach. The purpose of this study is to present the developed structure of interaction between the subjects of the educational process in terms of the problem-model approach within preparation of elemetary education teachers. A methodical system of specialized training of students of pedagogical specialties has been developed and implemented in the context of problem modeling, which ensures that most students achieve a creative level of training in specialized academic disciplines and a high level of development of specialized and specialized competencies. The materials of the article can be useful: to the faculty and heads of universities, where future teachers are trained, to improve the quality of student training and more effective organization of the educational process; employers of future teachers; students of pedagogical areas of training and potential applicants

Uso recreativo da costa do Mar Negro da Rússia em Krasnodar Krai: significado e sensibilidade dos complexos naturais

The paper presents the results of a study of the current condition and prospects of development of sustainable tourism in the coastal zones of the Black Sea in Krasnodar Krai (Russia). The aim of the study is to give a basis for and develop a method for determining the level of recreational pressure on coastal zones. The research methods applied are the empirical and practical methods of comparison and systemic and comprehensive analysis. The analysis based on statistical techiniques establishes the primary indicators for assessing the sustainability of tourism development in coastal areas. The conclusions confirm that the establishment of protected natural areas and the promotion of environmentally responsible practices among tourists and local residents are necessary to conserve the natural heritage of the region.El artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre la situación actual y las perspectivas de desarrollo del turismo sostenible en las zonas costeras del Mar Negro en Krasnodar Krai (Rusia). El objetivo del estudio es fundamentar y desarrollar un método para determinar el nivel de presión recreativa en las zonas costeras. Los métodos de investigación aplicados son los métodos empíricos y prácticos de comparación y análisis sistémico e integral. El análisis basado en técnicas estadísticas establece los principales indicadores para evaluar la sostenibilidad del desarrollo turístico en las zonas costeras. Las conclusiones confirman que el establecimiento de áreas naturales protegidas y la promoción de prácticas ambientalmente responsables entre los turistas y los residentes locales son necesarios para conservar el patrimonio natural de la región.O artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre a situação atual e as perspectivas de desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável nas zonas costeiras do Mar Negro em Krasnodar Krai (Rússia). O objetivo do estudo é fundamentar e desenvolver um método para determinar o nível de pressão recreativa nas zonas costeiras. Os métodos de pesquisa aplicados são os métodos empíricos e práticos de comparação e análise sistêmica e abrangente. A análise baseada em técnicas estatísticas estabelece os indicadores primários para avaliar a sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento do turismo nas áreas costeiras. As conclusões confirmam que a criação de áreas naturais protegidas e a promoção de práticas ambientalmente responsáveis junto dos turistas e residentes locais são necessárias para conservar o património natural da região

Rational methods of geodetic control of technogenic consequences of the development of oil and gas fields

The methods of controlling the consequences of the influence of manmade geomechanical processes caused by the extraction of hydrocarbons from the subsurface in the fields under development are considered. The possibilities of methods from the standpoint of separate determination of spatial and temporal quantitative parameters characterizing the deformed state of the skeletons of reservoirs and host rocks, the entire thickness of the rock mass above the deposit in an uneven field of compressive stresses and deformations of the earth’s surface are shown. The inconsistency of methods of classical repeated leveling, geodetic positioning and traditional radar interferometry in connection with the low level of representativeness of their results is noted. scientific novelty lies in the development of ways to improve the effectiveness of the method of radar satellite interferometry. As a result, the conditions for the effective use of radar satellite interferometry on the basis of a network of stationary points which coincide with the points of the leveling network method of spot geodetic sounding of deformation processes in the oil and gas fields under development have been determined and characterized

Systems engineering and design of a Mars Polar Research Base with a human crew

Mars Polar Ice caps have been known ever since they were first observed by Cassini. Robotic exploration mis- sions, starting with Mariner 9, have confirmed that they are composed of water ice. During later missions, instruments such as Mars Global Surveyor's MOLA have established a detailed topography and have estimated their depth at about 3 km in the thickest part, while detailed internal structure has been investigated by MARSIS from Mars Express and SHARAD from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. This analysis proposes to establish a base near North Polar Layered Deposits to investigate Mars' climate, hydrological processes and to test for possible traces of life. The objectives of the mission are to sustain a crew for nine months on the surface of Mars, near the North Pole, and to bring the crew back to Earth safely. During the surface mission, the crew will drill and analyze Polar Layered Deposits in ice samples. Furthermore, because the North Polar region provides an easy access to water ice, this area has the potential of sustaining a long-term human presence. The Mars Polar Research mission shall therefore prepare for long term missions, spanning over multiple crew generations. Indeed, longer duration missions and larger crews should be facilitated by this first mission. This paper describes a mission design for a Mars Polar Research base using systems engineering approach and scenario testing. The goal of the work is to establish a strategy composed of various technologies that have been selected accordingly. The requirements related to crew composition, human physiology and psychology adaptation, quality of com- munication, challenges and prospects of advancing science, as well as optimum habitat design and its usability, are derived and compiled into mass, volume, data and power consumption. A design for the base and mission scenario is also proposed. Given the identified requirements, possible technologies for life support systems, radiation protection, in-situ propellant production, thermal control, air pressure difference compensation and availability of power are discussed and solutions to focus on are recommended. Furthermore, the requirements for a long-term mission preparation are also identified and solutions to include in a first Mars mission with crew are recommended. In conclusion, approximately 110 metric tons and 160 kW are required to enable a Mars Polar mission with a human crew. A two-phase mission is recommended for enabling the testing of key in-situ resource utilization technologies allowing to minimize mass, while ensuring the security of the crew. The use of optimal payload and fairing, a Mars orbit crane system and deployable structures are recommended. Finally, in pre- paration for a long-term presence of humans on Mars, including in-situ testing of key technologies enabling the production of consumables facilitating autonomy from Earth is suggested. The consumables that have been identified as not being able to be tested before a first crew is sent to Mars are food and energy production. These developments may serve as priorities for current Mars settlement programs

Seven new species of Rhynchobombyx Aurivillius, 1909 from Congolian lowland forests (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

Seven new species of the Afrotropic Lasiocampidae genus Rhynchobombyx are described and illustrated: Rh. gavinfilippone Prozorov, Saldaitis & Müller sp. n., Rh. avadomenicarocchio Prozorov, Saldaitis & Müller sp. n., Rh. julianjameseaton Prozorov, Saldaitis & Müller sp. n., Rh. anthonychristophereaton Prozorov, Saldaitis & Müller sp. n., Rh. nicolasroberteaton Prozorov, Saldaitis & Müller sp. n., Rh. arijakefriend Prozorov, Saldaitis & Müller sp. n., Rh. madisonellafriend Prozorov, Saldaitis & Müller sp. n. All species originate from the poorly studied Congolian lowland forests ecoregion of Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lectotype and paralectotype of Rh. nasuta Aurivillius, 1909 are designated here, the species type locality is specified